Indicator-free information and measurement method for determining flow structure parameters in heat and mass exchangers

The article proposes a method for determining differential and integral response curves and their dispersion ‒ the central moment of the second order according to the velocity profile, as well as the dependence of the velocity head or the height of the manometric liquid column in the Pitot-Prandtl tube on the radius of the apparatus. Calculated dependencies for determination of flow structure parameters are given on the basis of experimental data for distillation column by vapor phase and boiling solution, as well as equations of their conversion into C- and F- response curves, dispersions. Indicator methods for determining flow structure parameters are considered drawing on pulsed or stepped input of indicators into the flow with subsequent recording of changes in the concentration of "labeled" particles, molecules and ions over time. The indicator method of measuring parameters of the flow structure of liquid-phase mass exchange products is regarded using the input of a tracer, the electrical conductivity of which differs from the electrical conductivity of the carrier stream with subsequent registration of the signal at the output by a conductometric cell. Indicator methods for determining parameters of gas-phase carrier flows structure based on input of smoke particles, radioactive isotopes, as well as ionization of gas flow at the inlet to the engine displacement of the apparatus with subsequent recording of signals and recognition of model parameters are presented for comparison. The advantages of the proposed (information and measured) method of calculating the parameters mentioned above compared to the indicator method are shown related to the choice of the indicator, its accurate supply in the form of a pulse or step signal at the inlet of the object and registration at the outlet, as well as data on the densities of the liquid, gas or vapor phase in the object and the density of the manometric liquid in the Pitot-Prandtl tube.

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