Researching the refractive index of seawater for underwater radio communication

Underwater radio communication is necessary for the exchange of information with various objects that are under water, especially at great depth. In addition, the development of radio oceanography has made it possible to carry out remote monitoring over large areas of the World Ocean. The effectiveness of radar measurements will be greatly influenced if various processes that affect the interaction of radio waves with the sea surface is accounted for. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop various models. This paper examines the problem of electromagnetic wave propagation through the interface of two media: air and sea water. Models of reflection and refraction of an electromagnetic wave are presented. Different cases of polarization are considered. Properties of water found in seas and oceans are analyzed. It is shown how the dielectric permittivity of water depends on such characteristics as salinity and temperature. The salinity values of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans are given. The case of an ultra-long wave falling on the boundary between air and water was regarded. The refractive coefficients of the electromagnetic wave were calculated depending on the angle of its initial propagation at given values of salinity and temperature.

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