References

moitvivt

Моделирование, оптимизация и информационные технологии

Modeling, Optimization and Information Technology

2310-6018

Издательство

10.26102/2310-6018/2023.43.4.016

1473

Современное состояние и тенденции в области исследований и разработок неонатальных инкубаторов

State of affairs and long-term trends in the field of neonatal incubator research and development

0000-0003-2917-535X

Фролов

Сергей Владимирович

Frolov

Sergei Vladimirovich

sergej.frolov@gmail.com aff-1

0000-0002-2158-7029

Коробов

Артём Андреевич

Korobov

Artyom Andreevich

korobov1991@mail.ru aff-2

0009-0005-5323-7495

Савинова

Кристина Сергеевна

Savinova

Kristina Sergeevna

savinova.k94@mail.ru aff-3

0000-0001-9376-3688

Потлов

Антон Юрьевич

Potlov

Anton Yurievich

zerner@yandex.ru aff-4

Тамбовский государственный технический университет Tambov State Technical University

01 01 2026

1 1

10.26102/2310-6018/2023.43.4.016

2026

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Описана история создания и развития конструкций неонатальных инкубаторов. Рассмотрена обобщенная конструкция современного неонатального инкубатора и схемы циркуляции воздушных потоков, включая движение потоков в инкубаторах с двойными стенками. Дана классификация неонатальных инкубаторов. Приведен 51 производитель современных неонатальных инкубаторов из 17 стран с указанием адресов веб-страниц, на которых размещена информация о выпускаемых медицинских изделиях. Проведен анализ работ, связанных с модельными исследованиями тепломассообменных процессов в неонатальных инкубаторах с учетом терморегуляции ребенка, его 3D-модели, циркуляции воздушной среды, конвективного, лучистого и кондуктивного теплообмена. Показано, что для численного моделирования используются современные пакеты для вычислительной гидро-, аэро- и термодинамики. Численные модельные исследования сочетаются с физическим моделированием. Движение воздушных потоков анализируется с помощью видеокамер. Показано применение для задач исследования инкубаторов неонатальных фантомов, которые имеют анатомическое сходство с новорожденным ребенком и изготавливаются на основе аддитивных технологий. Имитация процесса терморегуляции производится за счет электрических нагревателей, датчиков температуры и систем управления на базе микроконтроллеров. Приведен обзор методов мониторинга параметров организма ребенка, помещенного в неонатальный инкубатор. Показано преимущество методов бесконтактного мониторинга с использованием видеокамер и термометрии. Рассмотрены современные системы управления неонатальными инкубаторами. Показано, что основным алгоритмом управления является ПИД-закон регулирования. Также представлены исследования по применению нечеткого управления и различных видов адаптивного управления. Установлено, что конструкции неонатальных инкубаторов требуют совершенствования системы защиты от шума, электромагнитного излучения, инфекций, контроля воздушной среды на наличие вредных примесей. Показаны возможные направления работ по повышению эффективности поддержания подходящих для новорожденных условий окружающей среды в неонатальных инкубаторах.

The history of neonatal incubator development and the evolution of its design were described. A generalized structural and functional diagram of a modern neonatal incubator was presented. Airflow patterns have been studied in detail, including illustration of typical airflow paths in double-walled incubators. A classification of neonatal incubators was given. Information about manufacturers of modern incubators was presented in a table that includes 51 manufacturers from 17 countries with the addresses of web sites that contain specifications of medical products they manufacture. Publications that discuss modeling heat and mass transfer processes in incubators for newborns were analyzed. It was concluded that modern computational aerodynamics packages are usually used for numerical modeling with consideration to the infant’s thermoregulation, their 3D-model, air circulation, convective, radiant and conductive heat transfer. Numerical modeling research is usually combined with physical modeling. The movement of air flows is analyzed using visible and infrared video cameras. The use of anatomically correct neonatal phantoms created by means of additive manufacturing was demonstrated. The thermoregulation process is simulated with the help of electric heaters, temperature sensors and control systems based on microcontrollers. The methods for monitoring the physiological parameters of an infant placed inside a neonatal incubator were reviewed. The advantages of non-contact monitoring methods using video cameras and thermometry has been illustrated. Modern neonatal incubator control systems were examined. The proportional integral derivative controllers are the basis of almost all control algorithms in neonatal incubation systems. The studies on the application of fuzzy logic control and various types of adaptive control in neonatal incubators were presented. It has been concluded that the structural and functional diagram of a neonatal incubator needs to be improved with a view to protecting from noise, electromagnetic radiation, infections, and harmful airborne contaminants. Potential approaches to improving the efficiency of maintaining neonatal-appropriate environmental conditions in neonatal incubators have been demonstrated.

неонатальный инкубатор неонатальный фантом математическая модель тепломассообмен система мониторинга параметров организма управление микроклиматом экологическая неонатология

neonatal incubator neonatal tissue-like phantom numerical model heat and mass transfer system for monitoring physiological parameters microclimate control environmental neonatology

Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда №23-29-00763, https://rscf.ru/project/23-29-00763/.

The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, Grant No. 23-29-00763, https://rscf.ru/project/23-29-00763/.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.