moitvivt Моделирование, оптимизация и информационные технологии Modeling, Optimization and Information Technology 2310-6018 Издательство 10.26102/2310-6018/2025.49.2.019 1878 Квантовые алгоритмы и угрозы кибербезопасности Quantum algorithms and cybersecurity threats 0000-0002-6501-2008 Козачок Александр Васильевич Kozachok Aleksandr Vasilievich kozachok_a@mirea.ru aff-1 0000-0001-7473-1971 Тарасенко Сергей Сергеевич Tarasenko Sergey Sergeevich dor7la96@mail.ru aff-2 0000-0001-6191-8614 Козачок Андрей Васильевич Kozachok Andrey Vasilyevich kozachok@mirea.ru aff-3 МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет MIREA - Russian Technological University Академия Федеральной службы охраны Российской Федерации Academy of Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет MIREA - Russian Technological University

Целью написания данной статьи является оценка потенциальных угроз для кибербезопасности, вызванных развитием квантовых алгоритмов. В тексте работы осуществляется анализ существующих квантовых алгоритмов, таких как алгоритм Шора и алгоритм Гровера, и исследуется возможность их потенциального применения в контексте взлома существующих криптографических систем. Методология проводимого исследования заключается в анализе литературы, а также рассмотрении основных принципов функционирования квантовых вычислителей и потенциала реализации квантовых алгоритмов, способных влиять на безопасность как симметричных, так и асимметричных криптографических схем. Кроме того, в исследовании анализируются перспективы создания криптографических алгоритмов, способных противостоять атакам с применением квантовых технологий. На основе анализа существующих квантовых алгоритмов и их потенциального воздействия на широко распространенные в настоящее время криптографические системы, авторы исследования приходят к выводу, что на текущий момент отсутствуют убедительные основания для констатации реальной возможности взлома ассиметричных или симметричных криптографических алгоритмов в ближайшее время в контексте квантовых вычислений. Однако, учитывая постоянное развитие квантовых технологий, а также необходимость сохранения конфиденциальности сведений, актуальность которых с течением времени не будет претерпевать значительное снижение, и необходимость обеспечения защиты конфиденциальной информации в будущем, требуется разработка и активное внедрение квантово-устойчивых криптографических методов для обеспечения конфиденциальности информации в долгосрочной перспективе.

The purpose of this article is to assess potential threats to cybersecurity arising from the development of quantum algorithms. The text analyzes existing quantum algorithms, such as Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm, and explores the possibility of their potential application in the context of compromising existing cryptographic systems. The research approach includes a literature review and examination of core mechanisms underlying quantum computers, along with assessment of their capability to perform algorithms potentially affecting various cryptographic systems, both symmetric and asymmetric. Additionally, the paper discusses the prospects for developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms aimed at protecting against cryptanalysis using quantum computations. Based on the analysis of existing quantum algorithms and their potential impact on widely used cryptographic systems, the authors of the study conclude that, at present, there is no compelling evidence to assert the real possibility of compromising asymmetric or symmetric cryptographic algorithms in the near future within the context of quantum computations. However, considering the ongoing development of quantum technologies and the necessity of maintaining the confidentiality of information, the relevance of which will not significantly diminish over time, as well as the need to ensure the protection of confidential information in the future, there is a requirement for the development and active implementation of quantum-resistant cryptographic methods to ensure information confidentiality in the long term.

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