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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://metafora.rcsi.science/xsd_files/journal3.xsd">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">moitvivt</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Моделирование, оптимизация и информационные технологии</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Modeling, Optimization and Information Technology</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2310-6018</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Издательство</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26102/2310-6018/2019.24.1.019</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="custom" custom-type="elpub">575</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">СПОСОБЫ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ВОКСЕЛЬНОГО ЛАНДШАФТА ПРИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ СИСТЕМ ВИРТУАЛЬНОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>REPRESENTATION AND STORAGE OF VOXEL TERRAIN FOR DESIGNING VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Шакаев</surname>
              <given-names>Вячеслав Дмитриевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Shakaev</surname>
              <given-names>Vyacheslav Dmitrievich</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>myspace@inbox.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff">aff-1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Кравец</surname>
              <given-names>Алла Григорьевна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kravets</surname>
              <given-names>Alla Grigorievna</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>agk@gde.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff">aff-2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский государственный технический университет</aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Technical University</aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
        <aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский государственный технический университет</aff>
        <aff xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Technical University</aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>10.26102/2310-6018/2019.24.1.019</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © Авторы, 2026</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://moitvivt.ru/ru/journal/article?id=575"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>В статье исследованы способы представления и форматы хранения объёмных&#13;
(воксельных) данных, которые могут быть использованы для моделирования&#13;
воксельных ландшафтов с реконструкцией острых углов и рёбер, что необходимо для&#13;
представления искусственных элементов ландшафта в САПР для архитектуры и&#13;
строительства и в системах виртуальной реальности с разрушаемым окружением.&#13;
Для хранения редактируемых блоков воксельного ландшафта предложено использовать&#13;
лучевое представление, дополненное материалами и нормалями к поверхности, и&#13;
точечное представление с неявной связанностью. В первой форме представления&#13;
трёхмерный объект описывается как набор сплошных интервалов вдоль трёх&#13;
координатных осей. Во второй объект представлен трёхмерным массивом вокселей,&#13;
являющихся идентификаторами материалов, и облаком точек, существующих внутри&#13;
ячеек, находящихся на границах раздела областей с различными материалами. Оба вида&#13;
представления позволяют выполнять булевы операции, поддерживают различные&#13;
материалы и содержат информацию для реконструкции острых углов поверхности, а&#13;
лучевое представление применяется в настоящее время для геометрического&#13;
моделирования в CAD/CAM/CAE-системах. Проведено экспериментальное&#13;
тестирование предложенных способов представления и методов хранения блоков&#13;
воксельного ландшафта, отмечены их преимущества и ограничения. Предложены&#13;
рекомендации по выбору методов, наиболее подходящих для решения конкретных&#13;
классов задач САПР. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в&#13;
рамках научного проекта № 19-07-01200.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>In this paper, we develop methods for representing and storing volumetric (voxel) data.&#13;
These methods can be used for modeling voxel terrains with sharp features that are necessary&#13;
for representing human-made parts of the terrain in architectural CAD and virtual reality&#13;
systems with destructible environments. We propose that each editable chunk of the voxel&#13;
terrain be stored in a form of ray-representation augmented with surface normals and&#13;
materials, or as a set of points with implicit connectivity. In the first case, a 3D object is&#13;
encoded as a set of solid intervals along the three principal directions. In the second case, the&#13;
object is described as a dense 3D array of voxels (serving as material indices), and a sparse&#13;
point cloud, where points are stored only inside heterogeneous cells (where materials at corner&#13;
voxels differ). Both representations allow to perform boolean operations, support multiple&#13;
materials and store information for reconstructing sharp features of the surface, while the ray&#13;
representation is used in CAD/CAM/CAE software for geometric modeling. We evaluate the&#13;
proposed volumetric representations in a test environment and emphasize their advantages&#13;
and limitations. This enables the reader to choose the best strategy according to the number of&#13;
specific requirements for a CAD or a virtual reality system.The reported study was funded by&#13;
RFBR according to the research project № 19-07-01200</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>объёмные данные</kwd>
        <kwd>воксель</kwd>
        <kwd>ландшафт</kwd>
        <kwd>геометрическое моделирование</kwd>
        <kwd>полигональная сетка</kwd>
        <kwd>триангуляция</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>volumetric data</kwd>
        <kwd>voxel</kwd>
        <kwd>terrain</kwd>
        <kwd>geometric modeling</kwd>
        <kwd>polygonal mesh</kwd>
        <kwd>isosurface extraction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="conflict">
        <p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
</article>