Immersive firearms training system: architecture, hardware-software implementation, and performance metrics

An immersive training system based on extended reality (XR) technologies is proposed to provide safe virtual environments for training law enforcement personnel. The relevance of the study stems from the high injury rates associated with live-fire exercises, substantial expenditure on ammunition and logistics, and the need for scalable digital solutions for large-scale training. The developed prototype comprises a rifle-shaped controller with recoil, smoke, and gunpowder-scent simulation, a multi-zone haptic vest, a visualization module, and a hardware-software data exchange loop using the HTTP protocol with JSON messages. The paper describes the system architecture, module interaction algorithms, and built-in scaling mechanisms, including migration to bidirectional WebSocket communication and support for multi-user training scenarios. The study highlights the scientific novelty of combining multi-level multisensory shot simulation with an open integration interface for XR environments, as well as the practical significance for Russian security agencies through adaptation to typical training scenarios, analysis of combat telemetry, and the potential inclusion of artificial-intelligence modules for intelligent training support.

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